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Peter Bulkley
Peter Bulkley or Bulkeley (January 31, 1583 – March 9, 1659) was an influential early Puritan minister who left England for greater religious freedom in the American colony of Massachusetts. He was a founder of Concord,〔 and was named by descendant Ralph Waldo Emerson in his poem about Concord, ''Hamatreya''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hamatreya )〕
==Early life==
According to the 8th edition of ''Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists'', Bulkley is a descendant of the Plantagenets, and was born at Odell, Bedfordshire, England. He was admitted to St. John's College at Cambridge University at the age of sixteen, where he received several degrees. At one point he was even a Fellow of St. John's. After finishing his education, Bulkley succeeded his father as rector of Odell, 1610-1635.〔According to Huish, the church remained virtually unchanged three centuries later.〕 During this time Bulkley followed in his father's footsteps as a non-conformist. Finally in the 1630s there were increasing complaints about his preaching, and he was silenced by Archbishop Laud for his unwillingness to conform with the requirements of the Anglican Church.
In 1633, Charles I reissued the Declaration of Sports, an ecclesiastical limitation on allowed recreational activities, with the stipulation that any minister unwilling to read from the pulpit should be removed, and Bulkley's sentiments, along with others in the Puritan movement, were against it. In 1634, Bulkley refused to wear a surplice or use the Sign of the Cross at a visitation for Archbishop William Laud. For this infraction he was ejected from the parish, at least temporarily.〔Huish notes that Laud himself may not have been present, but rather his Vicar-General, Nathaniel Brent.〕
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